Managing Pet Diabetes

This November, in recognition of Diabetes Awareness Month, we’re shedding light on pet diabetes—an increasingly common condition that can be effectively managed with the right care to keep your furry friend healthy and happy.

Our veterinary team has extensive experience helping pet owners navigate diabetes care, from early diagnosis to daily management. We’ve seen just how crucial it is to stay informed, so you can catch the signs early and ensure your pet lives a long, fulfilling life.

If you’re looking to learn more about diabetes symptoms, treatment options, and tips for daily care, this blog is packed with helpful insights.

Let’s jump in!

Diabetes mellitus in pets occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. This happens due to either insufficient production of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows glucose from food to enter cells, providing energy.

There are two types of diabetes commonly seen in pets:

• Type 1 Diabetes: This is an insulin-dependent condition where the body doesn’t produce enough insulin. It is more common in dogs.
• Type 2 Diabetes: In this case, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't use it effectively. It is often seen in overweight or obese cats?.

Diabetes affects about 1 in 200 dogs and 1 in 230 cats, but many cases may go undiagnosed. As awareness increases, veterinarians are seeing a rise in cases due to better diagnostics and a growing understanding of the condition.

Recognising the early signs of diabetes can make a significant difference in managing your pet's health. Common symptoms include:

• Increased Thirst and Urination: One of the hallmark signs of diabetes is excessive drinking (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria) as the body tries to eliminate excess glucose through urine.
• Weight Loss Despite Increased Appetite: If your pet is eating more but still losing weight, this could indicate the body’s inability to properly utilise glucose for energy.
• Lethargy: Pets may seem tired or less active than usual.
• Cloudy Eyes in Dogs: Cataracts can form, which is a common complication in diabetic dogs.
• Unkempt Coat in Cats: Diabetic cats often stop grooming themselves, leading to a rough or greasy coat?.

Several factors can increase the risk of diabetes in pets:

• Obesity: Overweight pets are more prone to developing diabetes, particularly cats. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial in preventing the onset of diabetes?.
• Age: Older pets are more likely to develop diabetes. It is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged and senior dogs and cats.
• Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds are more susceptible to diabetes. In dogs, breeds like Australian Terriers, Schnauzers, and Poodles are at higher risk. Burmese cats are more predisposed compared to other feline breeds?.
• Gender: Female dogs and neutered male cats have a higher incidence of diabetes than their counterparts.
• Pancreatitis and Other Medical Conditions: Pets with pancreatitis or other endocrine disorders may be more susceptible to diabetes?.

Diagnosis of diabetes is usually confirmed through blood and urine tests that show elevated glucose levels. Your veterinarian may also check for other underlying health conditions that could affect diabetes management, such as infections or hormonal imbalances.

While diabetes is a lifelong condition, it can be managed with proper care, allowing pets to live happy, healthy lives. Here's how:

1. Insulin Therapy: Most diabetic pets will need once to twice daily insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels. Administering insulin may seem daunting at first, but our team will guide you through the process. The good news is that pets tolerate insulin injections well and it soon becomes a routine part of their care?.
2. Dietary Management: Nutrition plays a key role in managing diabetes. Dogs with diabetes may benefit from high-fibre diets to slow sugar absorption, while cats often require low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets. It's essential to maintain consistent feeding times, usually just before insulin administration?.
3. Exercise: Regular, moderate exercise helps regulate blood sugar levels, especially in dogs. Ensure your pet's activity level is consistent and avoid sudden increases in physical exertion, which could lead to dangerous drops in blood sugar.
4. Regular Monitoring: Monitoring your pet’s blood glucose levels is crucial. Some pets may need regular blood tests at the vet, while others can be monitored at home with a glucose metre. It's also important to watch for signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can occur if insulin doses are too high or if your pet skips a meal.

Untreated diabetes can lead to serious health complications for pets, such as:

• Ketoacidosis: A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there’s a buildup of acids (ketones) in the blood due to high glucose levels. This requires immediate veterinary care.
• Cataracts in Dogs: Dogs with poorly controlled diabetes often develop cataracts, which can lead to blindness if left untreated.
• Neuropathy in Cats: Cats may develop weakness in their hind legs, a condition known as diabetic neuropathy, due to prolonged high blood sugar?.

The earlier diabetes is detected, the easier it is to manage. Routine veterinary check-ups, especially as your pet ages, are vital in catching signs of diabetes early. If your pet is diagnosed with diabetes, working closely with our veterinary to create a tailored treatment plan is essential.

With the right treatment and monitoring, diabetic pets can live fulfilling lives. It’s important to maintain a consistent daily routine and closely follow your vet’s advice. Many pets adjust well to their new lifestyle, and owners find that managing diabetes becomes a natural part of their routine.

Our team is here to help with expert advice, diagnostics, and ongoing support to ensure your pet gets the best possible care. Schedule a check-up with us today, and together, we can take the first steps toward managing your pet’s health.